Article 22 CRD provides that “Member States shall require any natural or legal person or such persons acting in concert […], who have taken a decision to acquire, directly or indirectly, a qualifying holding in a credit institution or to further increase, directly or indirectly, such qualifying holding in a credit institution as a result of which a proportion of the voting rights or of the capital held would each exceed 20%, 30% or 50% or so that the credit institution would become its subsidiary […], to notify the competent authorities of the credit institution in which they are seeking to acquire or increase a qualifying hold8ing in writing in advance of the acquisition, indicating the size of the intended holding and the relevant information, as specified in accordance with Article 23(4) […]. Article 3(1) BBRD provides that “Each Member State shall designate one, or exceptionally, more resolution authorities that are empowered to apply the resolution tools and exercise the resolution powers”. Article 3(8) BRRD requires Member States to “ensure that each resolution authority has the expertise, resources and operational capacity to apply resolution actions, and is able to exercise their powers with the speed and flexibility that are necessary to achieve the resolution objectives”. Article 63(1)(b) BRRD requires Member States to ensure that the RA have “the power to take control of an institution under resolution and exercise all the rights and powers conferred upon the shareholders other owners and the management body of the institution under resolution”. Article 63(2) BRRD provides that “Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that, when applying the resolution tools and exercise the resolution powers, resolution authorities are not subject to any of the following requirements that would otherwise apply by virtue of national law or contract or otherwise: […] a) subject to Article 3(6) [prior ministry’s approval of action bearing fiscal impact] and 85(1) [judicial approval of the resolution action, if provided for by national legislation] requirements to obtain approval or consent from any person either public or private, including shareholders and creditors of the institution under resolution; b) prior to the exercise of the power, procedural requirements to notify any person including any requirement to publish any notice or prospectus or to file or register any document with any authority. In particular, Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities can exercise the powers under this Article irrespective of any restriction on, requirement for consent for, transfer of the financial instruments, rights, assets or liabilities in question that might otherwise apply”. Article 2 of Directive 2001/24/EC on the winding-up of credit institutions and investment firms, as amended by Article 117 BRRD, includes the “application of resolution tools and the exercise of resolution powers” by the RA within the notion of “reorganisation measures” set out therein. Article 3(2) of Directive 2001/24/EC provides that reorganisation measures enjoy automatic mutual recognition throughout the EU: “They shall be fully effective in accordance with the legislation of that Member State throughout the Community without any further formalities, including as against third parties in other Member States, even where the rules of the host Member State applicable to them do not provide for such measures or make their implementation subject to conditions which are not fulfilled. The reorganisation measures shall be effective throughout the Community once they become effective in the Member State where they have been taken”.