- Question ID
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2013_128
- Legal act
- Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
- Topic
- Liquidity risk
- Article
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411
- Paragraph
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2
- COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs/Recommendations
- Not applicable
- Article/Paragraph
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N/A
- Type of submitter
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Credit institution
- Subject matter
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Definition of ‘retail deposit’
- Question
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How should liabilities to clients who have not been classified to any segment under the Standardised or Advanced IRB (AIRB) approach be treated? Those clients placed only deposits with the bank and therefore the bank does not have sufficient data to assign them to any segment.
- Background on the question
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According to Article 411 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR) 'retail deposit' means a liability to a natural person or to an SME, where the natural person or the SME would qualify for the retail exposure class under the Standardised or IRB approaches for credit risk, or a liability to a company which is eligible for the treatment set out in Article 153(4) and where the aggregate deposits by all such enterprises on a group basis do not exceed EUR 1 million. In our opinion this definition is directly applicable only to clients who have credit exposure to an institution because such clients have been classified to any segment under Standardised or AIRB approach. If a client does not have credit products, an institution does not gather sufficient data to assign the client to any segment. That data is always delivered in credit origination processes. But until a client applies for any product bearing credit risk, the institution does not ask the client to provide such data. According to the existing regulations in Poland an institution is not obliged to gather all financial and other data on all its clients. To conclude, for ‘deposit-only’ clients the above definition is not applicable, therefore the classification of those clients to retail or wholesale deposits in calculation of the Liquidity Coverage Requirement remains unclear.
- Submission date
- Final publishing date
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- Final answer
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Although the institution does not have actual retail/SME credit exposures to a given customer, the institution should still apply the criteria set out in the context of the retail exposure class under the Standardised or IRB approaches for credit risk or in article 153(4) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR).
For the Standardised approach for credit risk, the criteria are set out in Article 123. Institutions using IRB approach for retail exposures shall follow the criteria stipulated in Article 147(5) of the CRR.
Where an institution does not have any exposures to an SME, the institution may include such a deposit in this category provided that the total aggregate funding raised from the customer is less than EUR1 million and the deposit is managed as a retail deposit. The institution should also treat such deposits consistently through its internal risk management systems and in the same way as other retail deposits (i.e. not as it would treat a larger corporate deposit).
As the treatment of an SME as a retail deposit results in a lower risk weight, this beneficial treatment is subject to obtaining the background information required to classify them as such.
In addition, it should also be noted that under Article 8 (1)(d) of Directive 2005/60/EC institutions are obliged to conduct ongoing monitoring of the business relationship. This includes scrutiny of transactions undertaken throughout the course of that relationship to ensure that the transactions being conducted are consistent with the institution's or person's knowledge of the customer, the business and risk profile, including, where necessary, the source of funds and ensuring that the documents, data or information held are kept up-to-date. These requirements should be helpful in providing an institution with information necessary for the purpose of classifying a client.
- Status
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Final Q&A
- Answer prepared by
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Answer prepared by the EBA.
- Note to Q&A
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Update 26.03.2021: This Q&A has been reviewed in the light of the changes introduced to Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR) and continues to be relevant.
Disclaimer
The Q&A refers to the provisions in force on the day of their publication. The EBA does not systematically review published Q&As following the amendment of legislative acts. Users of the Q&A tool should therefore check the date of publication of the Q&A and whether the provisions referred to in the answer remain the same.