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Q&As refer to the provisions in force on the day of their publication. The EBA does not systematically review published Q&As following the amendment of legislative acts. Users of the Q&A tool should therefore check the date of publication of the Q&A and whether the provisions referred to in the answer remain the same.

Please note that the Q&As related to the supervisory benchmarking exercises have been moved to the dedicated handbook page. You can submit Q&As on this topic here.

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List of Q&A's

Changes to financial support agreements

What is the correct course of action in case of changes to financial support agreements in situations where the competent authority has already authorised a group financial support agreement and transmitted it to resolution authorities in accordance with Article 22 Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2015_2104
  • Topic: Intra-group financial support
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 28/01/2022

Purpose of the use of the power to write down and convert capital instruments and eligible liabilities

What is the purpose of the use of the power to write down and convert capital instruments and eligible liabilities in accordance with Article 59 of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD), in case of transfer of assets, right or liabilities to the bridge entity or the asset management vehicle or the use of the sale of business tool?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2017_3117
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Conversion of eligible liabilities to equity

If it is not possible to convert bail-inable liabilities into equity, since, under the applicable national law, the institution may not have shareholders, would it be possible to recapitalize the institution only by writing-down relevant capital instruments and bail-inable liabilities, without converting any liabilities into equity?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2017_3116
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Principal amount in Articles 43-60

What does the term “principal amount” as referred to in Articles 43 to 63 of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) refer to?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2017_3115
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

AST in combination with other resolution tools

What is the rationale for using the Asset Separation Tool in combination with other resolution tools?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2017_3113
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Transfer of assets to an asset management vehicle

Can a bridge institution transfer assets to an asset management vehicle of its own accord, without the interference of the resolution authorities? Or can assets be transferred from the bridge institution to an asset management vehicle only if the resolution authorities exercise their power to transfer assets, in accordance with Article 42(1) of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2017_3112
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Interaction between Articles 37(2) and 59(3)

Articles 37(2) and 59(3) of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) appear to be incompatible.  Article 37(2) suggests that creditors bearing losses is an additional condition for the write-down in Article 59. Without this condition being met (for instance when resolution involves the sale of the whole bank to a third party), should the capital instruments be written down?  However, Article 59(3) requires the write-down of relevant capital instruments in all cases where a resolution tool is used.  Does the Commission consider that the mandatory requirement in Article 59 should be subject to the condition in 37(2) or not? Should the mandatory requirement in Article 59 BRRD be subject to the condition in 37(2) BRRD?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2720
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Use of resolution tools without issuing a formal decision

In light of Article 32(1) and Article 82 of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD), should the decision initiating resolution spell out which resolution tool/s, among those listed in Article 37(3) BRRD, will be applied, or is it possible to apply resolution tools without issuing a formal decision?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2621
  • Topic: Resolution objectives and triggers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Exception to the scope of the bail-in tool (Article 44(2)(g)(iii))

Is the exception to the scope of the bail-in tool provided for in Article 44(2)(g)(iii) of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) restricted to social security contributions, or does it also extend to deposits and reserves of a social security authority?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_3041
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Direct fiscal impact and systemic implication in Article 3(6)

How can the terms “direct fiscal impact” and “systemic implication” in Article 3(6) be transposed in a way that removes ambiguity?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2620
  • Topic: Other topics
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Special resolution regimes for credit institutions not covered by the Directive / partly resolved via insolvency

Does Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) prevent Member State to adopt special resolution regimes (including, e.g., bail-in) for credit institutions (i) that are not covered by the Directive; or (ii) in scope of the BRRD, whose preferred strategy is liquidation under national insolvency proceedings?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2619
  • Topic: Other topics
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Fiduciary relationship

What is a “fiduciary relationship” according to Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_3040
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Two separate ex-ante valuations for resolution purposes

In case two separate ex-ante valuations for resolution purposes have been prepared, each of which covering different purposes as per Article 36(4) of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD), shall both be treated as a part of the valuation and, therefore, the decision on resolution? Should they both be subjected to judicial review in line with Articles 36(13) and 85 BRRD?On a related note, can a resolution authority's decision be appealed if it does not include a decision on a specific resolution action to be taken?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2584
  • Topic: Valuation
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Meaning of “liability” in Article 60(2)(b)

Do liabilities mentioned in Article 60(2)(b) only refer to the potential liabilities for damages of the national resolution authority to the holder of the relevant capital instrument or eligible liabilities as referred to in Article 59 BRRD?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_3019
  • Topic: Write-down and conversion of capital instruments
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Use of valuation to apply resolution tools and to initiate resolution

Why is valuation part of the decision on application of resolution tools instead of the decision initiating resolution?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2583
  • Topic: Valuation
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Power of the resolution authority to transfer back

How should the transfer back procedure be applied in the context of the sale of business tool?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2565
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Compensation in Article 60(2)(c)

How should the use of the wording “compensation” in Article 60(2)(c) of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) be interpreted?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_3016
  • Topic: Write-down and conversion of capital instruments
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Clarification on Article 36(6)(a)

How should the term "updated” referred to in Article 36(6)(a) of Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) be interpreted?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2016_2564
  • Topic: Valuation
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

Special manager as insolvency manager

Must national courts adhere to the resolution authority’s decision that a special manager should also be insolvency manager?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2015_2523
  • Topic: Special management
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022

References to shareholders in Article 34 (and 44)

Are holders of Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) only to be considered shareholders?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2015_2521
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/01/2022